Which is better for lithium batteries: ternary or lithium iron phosphate? What are the advantages and disadvantages of lithium iron phosphate batteries and ternary lithium batteries?

Release time:2022-09-09

Both ternary lithium batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries have their own advantages. Given that their prices are roughly comparable, you can simply choose the one that best suits your driving environment. If the local climate is relatively cold, go for a ternary lithium battery, as it performs exceptionally well in low temperatures—its heating efficiency can still reach over 70% even in weather as cold as minus 20 degrees Celsius. On the other hand, if the local climate is relatively hot, a lithium iron phosphate battery would be the better choice, since it has excellent heat resistance and its thermal runaway temperature can exceed 800 degrees Celsius. In hot regions, such batteries virtually never experience spontaneous combustion. By contrast, the thermal runaway temperature of a lithium battery is only around 200 degrees Celsius, making it somewhat risky in hot climates. As for service life, lithium iron phosphate batteries do indeed last longer than ternary lithium batteries—but there’s no need to worry about this. For everyday passenger vehicles, whether using ternary lithium or lithium iron phosphate batteries, the rated lifespan of the power battery far exceeds the actual usage habits of most users. Advantages and Disadvantages of Lithium Iron Phosphate and Ternary Lithium Batteries 1. Energy Density: The energy density of ternary lithium batteries is about 1.7 times that of lithium iron phosphate batteries. As a result, ternary lithium batteries tend to be smaller and lighter in size and weight compared to lithium iron phosphate batteries, which means they place less burden on the vehicle’s overall weight. 2. Safety Performance: Lithium iron phosphate batteries perform better in nail penetration tests and maintain much greater stability under high-temperature conditions than ternary lithium batteries. This also implies that ternary lithium batteries are more prone to thermal runaway under certain circumstances. 3. Service Life: During the process of capacity degradation from 100% to 80%, lithium iron phosphate batteries can withstand over 3,500 charge-discharge cycles, while ternary lithium batteries manage only about 2,500 cycles. Moreover, at the same number of cycles, lithium iron phosphate batteries will retain more usable capacity than ternary lithium batteries. 4. Low-Temperature Performance: The minimum operating temperature for lithium iron phosphate batteries is minus 20 degrees Celsius, whereas ternary lithium batteries can operate down to minus 30 degrees Celsius. Furthermore, under the same low-temperature conditions, lithium iron phosphate batteries experience greater capacity degradation than ternary lithium batteries.

Three Yuan Lithium-ion batteries and lithium iron phosphate batteries each have their own advantages. Given that their prices are roughly comparable, you can simply choose the type that best suits your driving environment. If the local climate is relatively cold, go for a ternary lithium battery. This is because ternary lithium batteries perform well in low temperatures— even in weather as cold as minus 20 degrees Celsius, their heating performance can still reach over 70%.

On the contrary, if the local climate is relatively hot, you can opt for lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries. This is because LFP batteries have excellent thermal stability and can withstand temperatures as high as 800 degrees Celsius or more before experiencing thermal runaway—meaning they virtually never spontaneously combust in hot climates. By contrast, lithium-ion batteries have a thermal runaway temperature of only around 200 degrees Celsius, making them somewhat risky in hot regions.

As for service life, lithium iron phosphate batteries do indeed last longer than ternary lithium batteries—but there’s no need to worry about this. For passenger vehicles, whether it’s a ternary lithium battery or a lithium iron phosphate battery, the rated lifespan of the power battery far exceeds the actual usage patterns of most users.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries and Ternary Lithium Batteries

1. Energy Density: The energy density of ternary lithium batteries is about 1.7 times that of lithium iron phosphate batteries. Consequently, ternary lithium batteries are smaller in volume and lighter in weight than lithium iron phosphate batteries, resulting in a lower vehicle payload.

2. Safety Performance: Lithium iron phosphate batteries perform better in nail-penetration tests, and they also exhibit significantly greater stability than ternary lithium batteries under high-temperature conditions. This means that ternary lithium batteries naturally account for a larger proportion.

3. Service Life: During the process of battery capacity declining from 100% to 80%, lithium iron phosphate batteries can achieve a charge-discharge cycle life of over 3,500 cycles, whereas ternary lithium batteries can only manage around 2,500 cycles. Moreover, at the same number of cycles, lithium iron phosphate batteries will retain more remaining capacity than ternary lithium batteries.

4. Low-temperature performance: The extreme operating temperature for lithium iron phosphate batteries is -20°C, whereas for ternary lithium batteries it’s -30°C. Moreover, under the same low-temperature conditions, lithium iron phosphate batteries experience greater capacity degradation than ternary lithium batteries.

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Expansion! China’s largest “intercity” metro network is here!

The next one

Major engineering projects spark a “rush-to-completion” trend, and transportation investment is fully ramped up.

Return to the previous page

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